elasticity.py

In this script we solve the linear elasticity problem on a unit square domain, clamped at the left boundary, and stretched at the right boundary while keeping vertical displacements free.

 7from nutils import mesh, function, solver, export, cli, testing
 8
 9def main(nelems:int, etype:str, btype:str, degree:int, poisson:float):
10  '''
11  Horizontally loaded linear elastic plate.
12
13  .. arguments::
14
15     nelems [10]
16       Number of elements along edge.
17     etype [square]
18       Type of elements (square/triangle/mixed).
19     btype [std]
20       Type of basis function (std/spline), with availability depending on the
21       configured element type.
22     degree [1]
23       Polynomial degree.
24     poisson [.25]
25       Poisson's ratio, nonnegative and strictly smaller than 1/2.
26  '''
27
28  domain, geom = mesh.unitsquare(nelems, etype)
29
30  ns = function.Namespace()
31  ns.x = geom
32  ns.basis = domain.basis(btype, degree=degree).vector(2)
33  ns.u_i = 'basis_ni ?lhs_n'
34  ns.X_i = 'x_i + u_i'
35  ns.lmbda = 2 * poisson
36  ns.mu = 1 - 2 * poisson
37  ns.strain_ij = '(u_i,j + u_j,i) / 2'
38  ns.stress_ij = 'lmbda strain_kk δ_ij + 2 mu strain_ij'
39
40  sqr = domain.boundary['left'].integral('u_k u_k d:x' @ ns, degree=degree*2)
41  sqr += domain.boundary['right'].integral('(u_0 - .5)^2 d:x' @ ns, degree=degree*2)
42  cons = solver.optimize('lhs', sqr, droptol=1e-15)
43
44  res = domain.integral('basis_ni,j stress_ij d:x' @ ns, degree=degree*2)
45  lhs = solver.solve_linear('lhs', res, constrain=cons)
46
47  bezier = domain.sample('bezier', 5)
48  X, sxy = bezier.eval(['X_i', 'stress_01'] @ ns, lhs=lhs)
49  export.triplot('shear.png', X, sxy, tri=bezier.tri, hull=bezier.hull)
50
51  return cons, lhs

If the script is executed (as opposed to imported), nutils.cli.run() calls the main function with arguments provided from the command line. For example, to keep with the default arguments simply run python3 elasticity.py (view log). To select mixed elements and quadratic basis functions add python3 elasticity.py etype=mixed degree=2 (view log).

59if __name__ == '__main__':
60  cli.run(main)

Once a simulation is developed and tested, it is good practice to save a few strategic return values for regression testing. The nutils.testing module, which builds on the standard unittest framework, facilitates this by providing nutils.testing.TestCase.assertAlmostEqual64() for the embedding of desired results as compressed base64 data.

 68class test(testing.TestCase):
 69
 70  @testing.requires('matplotlib')
 71  def test_default(self):
 72    cons, lhs = main(nelems=4, etype='square', btype='std', degree=1, poisson=.25)
 73    with self.subTest('constraints'): self.assertAlmostEqual64(cons, '''
 74      eNpjYMACGsiHP0wxMQBKlBdi''')
 75    with self.subTest('left-hand side'): self.assertAlmostEqual64(lhs, '''
 76      eNpjYMAEKcaiRmLGQQZCxgwMYsbrzqcYvz672KTMaIKJimG7CQPDBJM75xabdJ3NMO0xSjG1MUw0Beox
 77      PXIuw7Tk7A/TXqMfQLEfQLEfQLEfpsVnAUzzHtI=''')
 78
 79  @testing.requires('matplotlib')
 80  def test_mixed(self):
 81    cons, lhs = main(nelems=4, etype='mixed', btype='std', degree=1, poisson=.25)
 82    with self.subTest('constraints'): self.assertAlmostEqual64(cons, '''
 83      eNpjYICCBiiEsdFpIuEPU0wMAG6UF2I=''')
 84    with self.subTest('left-hand side'): self.assertAlmostEqual64(lhs, '''
 85      eNpjYICAJGMOI3ljcQMwx3i/JohSMr51HkQnGP8422eiYrjcJM+o3aToWq/Jy3PLTKafzTDtM0oxtTRM
 86      MF2okmJ67lyGacnZH6aOhj9Mu41+mMZq/DA9dO6HaflZAAMdIls=''')
 87
 88  @testing.requires('matplotlib')
 89  def test_quadratic(self):
 90    cons, lhs = main(nelems=4, etype='square', btype='std', degree=2, poisson=.25)
 91    with self.subTest('constraints'): self.assertAlmostEqual64(cons, '''
 92      eNpjYCACNIxc+MOUMAYA/+NOFg==''')
 93    with self.subTest('left-hand side'): self.assertAlmostEqual64(lhs, '''
 94      eNqFzL9KA0EQx/HlLI5wprBJCol/rtfN7MxobZEXOQIJQdBCwfgAItwVStQmZSAvcOmtVW6z5wP4D2yE
 95      aKOwEhTnDRz4VvPhp9T/1zeP0ILF5hhSnUK5cQlKpaDvx3DoWvA57Zt128PIMO5CjHvNOn5s1lCpOi6V
 96      MZ5PGS/k/1U0qGcqVMIcQ5jhmX4XM8N9N8dvWyFtG3RVjOjADOkNBrQMGV3rlJTKaMcN6NUOqWZHlBVV
 97      PjER/0DIDAE/6ICVCjh2Id/ZiBdslY+LrpiOmLaYhJ90IibhNdcW0xHTFTPhUzPhX8h5W3rRuZicV1zO
 98      N3bCgXRUeDFedjxvSc/ai/G86jzfWi87Xswfg5Nx3Q==''')
 99
100  @testing.requires('matplotlib')
101  def test_poisson(self):
102    cons, lhs = main(nelems=4, etype='square', btype='std', degree=1, poisson=.4)
103    with self.subTest('constraints'): self.assertAlmostEqual64(cons, '''
104      eNpjYMACGsiHP0wxMQBKlBdi''')
105    with self.subTest('left-hand side'): self.assertAlmostEqual64(lhs, '''
106      eNpjYMAEFsaTjdcYvTFcasTAsMZI5JyFce6ZKSavjbNMFhhFmPz/n2WScHaKieiZRFMmk3DTrUaBpv//
107      h5t6n000/Xf6hymLyQ/TbUY/gGI/TL3O/jD9cxoASiglXw==''')