finitestrain.py

In this script we solve the nonlinear Saint Venant-Kichhoff problem on a unit square domain (optionally with a circular cutout), clamped at both the left and right boundary in such a way that an arc is formed over a specified angle. The configuration is constructed such that a symmetric solution is expected.

9
import nutils, numpy

The main function defines the parameter space for the script. Configurable parameters are the mesh density (in number of elements along an edge), element type (square, triangle, or mixed), type of basis function (std or spline, with availability depending on element type), polynomial degree, Poisson’s ratio, wedge angle, Newton tolerance, and a boolean flag for a circular cutout.

18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
def main(nelems: 'number of elements along edge' = 10,
         etype: 'type of elements (square/triangle/mixed)' = 'square',
         btype: 'type of basis function (std/spline)' = 'std',
         degree: 'polynomial degree' = 1,
         poisson: 'poisson ratio < 0.5' = .25,
         angle: 'bend angle (degrees)' = 20,
         restol: 'residual tolerance' = 1e-10,
         trim: 'create circular-shaped hole' = False):

  domain, geom = nutils.mesh.unitsquare(nelems, etype)
  if trim:
    domain = domain.trim(nutils.function.norm2(geom-.5)-.2, maxrefine=2)
  bezier = domain.sample('bezier', 5)

  ns = nutils.function.Namespace()
  ns.x = geom
  ns.angle = angle * numpy.pi / 180
  ns.lmbda = 2 * poisson
  ns.mu = 1 - 2 * poisson
  ns.ubasis = domain.basis(btype, degree=degree).vector(2)
  ns.u_i = 'ubasis_ki ?lhs_k'
  ns.X_i = 'x_i + u_i'
  ns.strain_ij = '.5 (u_i,j + u_j,i)'
  ns.energy = 'lmbda strain_ii strain_jj + 2 mu strain_ij strain_ij'

  sqr = domain.boundary['left'].integral('u_k u_k d:x' @ ns, degree=degree*2)
  sqr += domain.boundary['right'].integral('((u_0 - x_1 sin(2 angle) - cos(angle) + 1)^2 + (u_1 - x_1 (cos(2 angle) - 1) + sin(angle))^2) d:x' @ ns, degree=degree*2)
  cons = nutils.solver.optimize('lhs', sqr, droptol=1e-15)

  energy = domain.integral('energy d:x' @ ns, degree=degree*2)
  lhs0 = nutils.solver.optimize('lhs', energy, constrain=cons)
  X, energy = bezier.eval(['X_i', 'energy'] @ ns, lhs=lhs0)
  nutils.export.triplot('linear.jpg', X, energy, tri=bezier.tri, hull=bezier.hull)

  ns.strain_ij = '.5 (u_i,j + u_j,i + u_k,i u_k,j)'
  ns.energy = 'lmbda strain_ii strain_jj + 2 mu strain_ij strain_ij'

  energy = domain.integral('energy d:x' @ ns, degree=degree*2)
  lhs1 = nutils.solver.optimize('lhs', energy, lhs0=lhs0, constrain=cons, newtontol=restol)
  X, energy = bezier.eval(['X_i', 'energy'] @ ns, lhs=lhs1)
  nutils.export.triplot('nonlinear.jpg', X, energy, tri=bezier.tri, hull=bezier.hull)

  return lhs0, lhs1

If the script is executed (as opposed to imported), nutils.cli.run() calls the main function with arguments provided from the command line. For example, to keep with the default arguments simply run python3 finitestrain.py (view log). To select quadratic splines and a cutout add python3 finitestrain.py btype=spline degree=2 trim (view log).

68
69
if __name__ == '__main__':
  nutils.cli.run(main)

Once a simulation is developed and tested, it is good practice to save a few strategicly chosen return values for routine regression testing. Here we use the standard unittest framework, with nutils.numeric.assert_allclose64() facilitating the embedding of desired results as compressed base64 data.

 77
 78
 79
 80
 81
 82
 83
 84
 85
 86
 87
 88
 89
 90
 91
 92
 93
 94
 95
 96
 97
 98
 99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
import unittest

class test(unittest.TestCase):

  def test_default(self):
    lhs0, lhs1 = main(nelems=4, angle=10)
    nutils.numeric.assert_allclose64(lhs0, 'eNpjYICB8ku8+icMthvOM+K42G1ga6Rv/Mh42'
      'YVcQwnj/8bzTW5fUDbaaNxtomwK18CQfCnxkuPFL+f7zt06d/Rc1rnbZ73Pyp4VPvvwzOwz7mc'
      'kz3w4ffL0stMtpwGSOirA')
    nutils.numeric.assert_allclose64(lhs1, 'eNpjYICBMu1b+jKGFw2bjdy1LICkk/Fx4+bLj'
      'wxdjAVM2k1uX1A22mjcbaJsCtfAoHz53sXiC27nGc6pnD94Tutc5dlLZyLOSpw9fab4DOsZyTM'
      'fTp88vex0y2kA6e4nVQ==')

  def test_mixed(self):
    lhs0, lhs1 = main(nelems=4, angle=10, etype='mixed')
    nutils.numeric.assert_allclose64(lhs0, 'eNoBZACb/wAAAADV0WwvAAChMAAAtjEAAKgyX'
      'jBl0UUyMjPeMyXQjzESM/ozqDQjMtvQsTOLNCM1AAAAAIfS7NEAAM/RAADQzwAAmc7czsvOU87'
      '1zUrNMs0NzenMk8xQzPDLGczJy6bLhMsZ2Sx5')
    nutils.numeric.assert_allclose64(lhs1, 'eNoBZACb/wAAAAAr3xowAAD9MAAA1DEAAI8yH'
      'zGKLIEySDPKM6fS9TFCMwM0mzQjMtvQsTOLNCM1AAAAAD/TYNEAAN7QAAA3zwAACc7SzgnPEc6'
      'TzdjMZ80TzdHMa8wXzPDLGczJy6bLhMthnih2')

  def test_spline(self):
    lhs0, lhs1 = main(nelems=4, angle=10, degree=2, btype='spline')
    nutils.numeric.assert_allclose64(lhs0, 'eNpjYECAa1e+aE3Qu6Nfa9BlmHoxU/eHgbIRs'
      '3Gs8bwLr/S4jayNfxn7mGy/sEz/qNFz4wUmL0xuX/AzEDDWMrlromyKZAxDlg6bbppOw1WXi2n'
      'nqy8svSBxwf980Ln3Z9+ffXP2+Nm8s6xnT59pOdNzJveM3RnmM/dOS55hOXPn9PbTU0+3nAYAZ'
      'eQ9sA==')
    nutils.numeric.assert_allclose64(lhs1, 'eNpjYEAAZ21dXWF9WYNug3RDPu1i/RzDYKNfR'
      'i7Gn5V9DVKNkoy/G+uaiF/qM/hi9NN4pckZk9sX/AwEjLVM7poomyIZw3BIp0/H/a7qpf4LD85'
      'tvTD1wtrz+87tPRt8Vvuc0Lm1Z43PLjmTfGbXmQVn0s/onHl7euNpyTMsZ+6c3n566umW0wB4s'
      'Dra')